Psychology: Learning by Doing Essay

A news article entitled â€Å"Keeping your DNA fit: Researchers find exercise buffs have ‘younger’ cells† was released by The Philadelphia Inquirer at the Psychology News Report Section of the American Psychological Association online. The news article was about the newest study released last January 28, 2008 stating that exercise could slow down the aging process in human beings. The authors of the study concluded that the people who exercise more take a slower course of aging than those who have been â€Å"chronically sedentary† (Flam, 2008).   The authors supported this claim with the experiment they conducted involving 67 pairs of identical twins where one of the twins had a sedentary lifestyle while the other had been mostly active and exercises regularly (Flam, 2008). The term exercising regularly has been operationally defined as â€Å"more than three hours a week running, cycling, pumping iron, or other vigorous activity† (Flam, 2008). On the other hand, sedentary has been defined as â€Å"less than 16 minutes [of exercise] a week on the average† (Flam, 2008). The comparisons of the twin’s telomeres revealed that those twins who exercise more have longer telomeres. The telomere is the part of the DNA which becomes shorter when it divides (Flam, 2008). For the old people, the telomere becomes too short for the DNA to be capable of dividing and thus, it just shut downs the cells but it continues to exist (Flam, 2008). The research still continues for the authors to be able to refine the study because there is still the â€Å"chicken-and-egg question† of whether it is the exercise that enables the people to stay young or the healthy condition that enables people to exercise more (Flam, 2008). Further studies would need to be done with this as there might be differences in the capacity of people such as the twins. Though they may have the same set of genes, there is still a difference with the environment they live in that makes them a lot healthier than the other twin and enables them to exercise more such as the type and quality of food available and the levels of stress. Indeed, the most appropriate conclusion for the study is that exercise is one of the factors that slow down the rate of aging but is not the sole reason for the slow aging process (Flam, 2008).    The news article was able to identify the basic answers to basic questions. It poses the side of the research itself and the whereabouts but does not even provide the title and authors of the study. The lead author was mentioned but this could do little compared to having the title of the study itself. In addition to this, alternative views were not presented clearly. References Flam, F. (2008). Keeping your DNA fit: Researchers find exercise buffs have ‘younger’ cells. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://psycport.apa.org/showArticle.cfm?xmlFile=knightridder%5F2008%5F01%5F29%5F%5F0000%2D0241%2DPH%2DKeeping%2Dyour%2DDNA%2Dfit%2D0129%2Exml&provider=The%20Philadelphia%20Inquirer.

Healing Hospital

Healing hospital paradigm is centered on the removal of stress and other health risks for the patients and their families in the hospital environment. Healing hospital paradigm is important because treating a patient’s illness is not the only intrinsic component when they are admitted to the hospital. A good example for this is stress. Stress can be brought about due to many things when a patient is in the hospital, for example painful treatments, financial problems due to being admitted, loss of social life etc.Reducing these sort of stressors may ensure that the patient’s wellbeing is being maintained and the comprehensive care Minimization of these stressors ensures that the patient’s well-being is maintained while the comprehensive care part of the treatment makes certain that the patient’s recovery process is done without breaking confidentiality. The healing hospital paradigm can also be looked as healing the whole patient rather than just curing the ailment (Young & Koopsen, 2006).According to Dr. Milstein, paradigm doesn’t only focus on healing the physical body but â€Å"it aims to enhance the overall well being by addressing the patient’s and their families’ cognitive, emotional and spiritual concerns† (Milstein, 2005). This paper will describe healing hospital paradigm, its impact on the process of care giving and its components expanding on it relationship with spirituality. Components of Healing HospitalBased on the paradigm of healing hospital, Caring for a patient is not limited to only medical interventions and medication but it also includes how the healthcare provider engages the patients and their families to the process of treatment. This theory is based on the notion that both spiritual and emotional wellbeing applies to physical wellbeing. The healing hospital comprise of three major components. The first component is the culture of radical loving care. This may include the kind of ca re the patient receives and the type of conditions he/she is exposed to in the hospital.This component focuses on making the patient comfortable and preparing the patient psychologically for the treatment they would receive. Caregivers most have compassion to meet the spiritual and emotional needs of a patient and not only their physical needs. They most be able to demonstrate loving care and show the patients that they are willing to go the extra mile for them. Being compassionate and showing love can help reduce the stress for the patients and their families, healthcare provides bring hope. The next component is the healing physical environment.The physical environment in which a patient is being treated is also very crucial in the treatment process (Samueli, 2010). Hospitals should be free of stressful disturbances for the patient and their families. This kind of disturbances may include dull settings, noise and disorganization. A good healing physical environment must be well or ganized and constructed. Evidence has shown that rest is an important part of a patient’s healing process, but many hospitals are noisy with pagers beeping here and there and lots of people talking along the hallways.A good healing physical environment should address these kinds of challenges. Other things such as lighting and temperature must be well regulated to keep the patient as comfortable as possible. The final component of healing hospital is the integration of technology with work design. Technology is intertwined into the healthcare field to help the healthcare team help their patients recover in a good environment. Technology allows the staff members to work efficiently and to work in a manner that maximizes the comfort of the patients.In a good healing environment, patients get more sleep which helps with their healing. Staff members are giving technological equipments such as cordless phones, vibrating pagers and dynamaps for blood pressure, and they are educated to use them efficiently to promote healing in a noise-free environment. These technological advancements help to create stress-free environment for the patients and helps reduce medical errors. The healing hospitals also use technology to provide satisfaction, security, decreased cost and privacy for the patients and their families.These are crucial in the psychological needs of the patient. Challenges of Creating a Healing Environment There are various challenges involved in implementing a good healing hospital environment. First and foremost, the advancement of technology (e. g. more tubes and more wires) has complicated healthcare and is dominating in that healthcare providers are forgetting the original essentials of healing such as the compassion and the loving care. If the balance between technology and compassion can bee implemented, the results of patient satisfaction will increase.Another challenge with technology advancement also focuses on the profits rather the compassi onate care of the patient. The next challenge is that there are a lot of similarities between prisons and hospitals. Patients’ clothing’s are replaced by gowns, their names with barcodes and identification numbers, there is no longer any intimacy and they share their living space with strangers. Even restriction in visiting hours can make an individual feel like a prisoner. This is all due to that fact that healthcare providers are suppose to their tasks with robotic precision.According to Chapman, the hospital system is a â€Å"bureaucracy† and it is â€Å"an organization that acts as machines and are difficult to work with† (Chapman, 2010). Another challenge is that some healthcare providers or even family members and patients could be cynics. Cynicism is damaging to the care of patients. Healthcare providers should not be skeptic to the fact that love is a vital part of a patient’s recovery. Finally, leadership is an important aspect of healing hospital paradigm. The leaders in a healthcare setting have the responsibility to make sure love and compassion is at the top of the list in their plan to care for a patient.Biblical Passage that Supports the Concept of Healing Hospital In psalm 107 verses 17-22, the message version, David wrote â€Å"then you called out to God in you desperate condition; he got you out in the nick of time†. Here he describes how God heals the sick when they call on him. The sick in this passage have faith and are not cynics or skeptics which is and important part of healing. David explained the reality, living a bad life could get you sick and having faith that you would get better can heal you. It’s all about the positivity. David went on saying â€Å"So thank God for his marvelous love, for his miracle mercy to the children he loves†.This goes on to show that God’s love brings healing. This passage supports the paradigm of healing hospital because it has to do with hea ling the overall person and God does that too. The healing hospital is gaining more popularity now because there are a lot of benefits to it. This care system helps to enhance the overall wellbeing of the patient and their relatives and not only their physical body. This paradigm focuses on compassionate care that helps patient with stress and coping mechanisms through spirituality. This will help the community at large and bring it solace and hope. ReferencesChapman, E. (2010). Radical loving care: building the healing hospital in America. Nashville, TN: Vaughn Printing. Milstein, J. (2005). A paradigm of integrative care: healing with curing throughout life, â€Å"being with† and â€Å"doing to†. Journal of Perinatology, 25, 563-568. doi: 10. 1038/sj. jp. 7211358 Samueli Institute (2010). Optimal Healing Environments. February 12, 2013. Retrieved from http://www. siib. org/news/280-SIIB/version/default/part/AttachmentData/data/OHE_final. pdf Young, C. , & Koopsen, C. (2006). Spirituality, health, and healing (1 ed. ). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

The Emergence of the Project of Development Essay

The Emergence of the Project of Development - Essay Example Scientific aspects of modernization emerged during the cold war, and applied in the decolonization period to change the world economy. Escobar (25) points out that technology emerged during the colonial period and during the world war. In the time of World War II, countries such as Germany engaged in reinvention of technology to support their armies during the time of war. The colonial government introduced technology in agriculture and this led to the change in agricultural style during the period of decolonization.In the advent of technology, colonized countries modeled their agricultural style, which formed a critical part of the project of global development. With improved productivity in agriculture, many continents including Africa and Asia developed and improved their economic independence. Briefly, the decolonization and post war period formed a critical step towards project development. However, a more interesting twist of events culminating to project development was the sp ecialization brought about by modernization. Technological advancement led to specialization in many facets of production. For instance, food processing industries focused on processing and hence able to develop at a higher rate. Likewise, all other facets were able to develop faster. In many countries, the post-colonial period became a period of political development and consequential socio-economic changes. Indeed, during the decolonization period, countries such as South Africa became conscious of identity politics.

Philosophical issus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Philosophical issus - Essay Example Under the scrutiny of minimum conception of morality, Cultural relativism is critical as it serves the better part of group interest while at least capturing individual interests that are culture dependent. It is important to underline the ethical theory of utilitarianism which defines wrong or right in terms of the outcome of an action among the several alternative choices. In this concept, the aspect of utility emphasizes the right act as the action choice with the minimum bad results. In regard to minimum conception of morality, utilitarianism works outside the limits of individual interests and captures the interest of others. In other words, Utilitarianism seeks to govern conflicts between self-interest and common interests with the goal of optimal happiness of the greatest number(Rachels and James 116-9). For instance government decisions are based on the majority desire which may conflict with individuals with different wishes and such proposals vary across cultural framework of each country. This asserts that utilitarianism subscribe to the minimum conception of morality. According to Kant, some actions are wrong even if it would amount to more happiness than otherwise. In this moral theory concept, wrong or right consideration of an action is not dependent on consequences but individual obligation to do what is good for humanity. Kant attempts to answer the question of whether an individual’s action respects the goals of human beings rather than merely using them for personal purposes. In this respect Kant emphasizes consideration of other people’s interest in each individual’s action hence subscribing to the minimum conception of morality Social Contract Theory explains that morality constitute a set rules that govern behavior of people in the society such that rational persons will accept a given code of behavior on condition that others accept such standards as

Consumer Protection and the Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Consumer Protection and the Criminal Law - Essay Example , the plaintiff is not the actual crime victim; it is the European Union State in which the individual resides. According to the Framework Decision 2001-Standing of Victims in Criminal Proceeding, it is the responsibility of the member states to assure that the victims who wish to be informed throughout the course of the judicial process be informed. The scope of the information provided includes information on the outcome of the judicial proceeding, information necessary to maintain the security of the victims and their families, information regarding the sentence as well as the necessary services available to help the victim (Legislation Online, 2004). The Standing represented a starting point in the treatment of crime victims but it was necessary to supplement those findings. The supplementation came in the form of the 2006 recommendations. The recommendations operated with the aim of updating the standards since the laws have changed, preventing re-victimization and offering clea r an concise guidelines aimed at ensuring that the member States treat the victims in accordance with the laws (European Committee on Crime Problems, 2006). In addition to the standing of victims in criminal proceedings the notion of restorative justice looms large. ... ustice places the needs of the victims first and foremost and justice is rendered in such a manner as to enable the victim to have optimal participation in the course of justice while encouraging accountability on the part of the offender (Rigby 82). Utilizing the notion of restorative justice, a victim may request a restorative justice as a means of making the offender cognizant of the way in which the crime has affected the victim, gaining information as a means of coming to grips with the rationale behind the crime and the reason he/she has been made a victim and finally to gain closure by being able to forgive the offender in an open manner. Restorative justice marks a stark departure from the traditional form of justice which was essentially retributive justice wherein the preliminary goal was one aimed at punishing the offender by restricting his/her liberties and/or imparting monetary restitution. This is an indirect means of rendering justice as often the terms of the punitive measures undertaken are reached with minimal input or involvement by the victim (Cartwright 81). In examining the notion of restorative justice, it is prudent that we examine the rights of victims and frame this examination within the context of applications of restorative justice. First and foremost, the rights of victims and the responsibilities of the judicial system are delineated in the Human Rights Act of 1998, the Crime Victims Charters, Code of Practice for Victims, Victims Advisory Panel and other governmental bodies including the European Council. These bodies together delineate and define the treatment of crime victims with the goal of minimizing the effects of the crime on the victim while ensuring the rights of the victimizer are not violated. The rights of crime

Managing with Integrity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing with Integrity - Research Paper Example Steward mangers identify with high moral developments, unlike agents. Consequently, they not only disregard their personal interest, but also forego interest of their organizations to meet people’s needs. They therefore promote welfare of employees and the entire society (Martynov, 2009). This approach to decision making mirrors the concepts of a servant leader in variety of ways that include â€Å"motives and intentions,† â€Å"means and methods,† and â€Å"ends and outcomes† (SanFacon and Spears, 2008, p. 9). The servant leader for example has a self-motivated and automatic desire to serve others and this mirrors the steward-manager’s moral obligation to meet the society’s needs. The drive in a servant leader to develop potentials for rendering services is also similar to the steward-manager’s desire to meet his moral obligations to the society. Similarly, the steward manager’s disregard of organizational interest to focus on the society’s well being is similar to the servant leadership concept that organizations should benefit people instead of exploiting them. A steward manager and the concept of servant leadership also share similar objectives (SanFacon and Spears, 2008; Martynov, 2009). A steward manager would be successful in the global business world because of two factors, the ability to interact with and manage diversity through critical thinking and the moral drive to meet social expectations. While the moral manager is different from the agent manager, morality does not negate managerial skills. The steward manager is therefore able to interact with people in different cultural and ideological frameworks to achieve his or her desired objectives. The gained morality of the manager also facilitates interaction with other members of the society who will be able to identify and respond to the manager’s good social

Family work Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Family work - Assignment Example At the website, details about the company policy and measures taken to succeed are included. Workplace policies together with human right and respect in the company are available in the website. The visitors can get access to all policies and company operations. The information found at the website communicates the Coca Cola philosophy adequately (The Coca-Cola Company 1). The company has polices which govern employee’s contact in the company. The formulated policies by the company consider work, private life and employee’s welfare. The policies are designed to ensure employees safety and certification as well as company progress. Employees are entitled to a leave of one month annually and a maternity leave of three months to pregnant mothers. The policies also require the company to grant off days for individuals with personal issues. The company policies do not limit hiring of spouses and a husband and wife can be hired in different company’s departments. The company complies with the States pension and retirement policies. It contributes to pension schemes for all employees to ensure that each person will be entitled to pension after retirement. The company also allows employee to save in Sacco in order to take loans for personal development and education. The company policies do not consider same sex partners and there are no benefits attached to such relationship. All those policies aim to ensure employees safety and productivity (The Coca-Cola Company 3). After reviewing the company’s policies, I have found out that Coca Cola is the right company for me to work. I will be willing to work for the company due to the policies which respect human rights and progress. The company allows personal development and growth. It does not limit people to work with their spouses meaning that I can work with my wife in the company in future. The company encourages people to advance in life, and I will be able to get education loan and advance in

Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Reading response - Essay Example The author suggests that when situations of high infant mortality and high fertility exist, the passing away of a young one is the custom for poor households. Mothers do not feel distressed when a frail infant dies, and motherly acceptance of child death may put at risk the life of other children (Scheper-Hughes 324). This illustrates that mothers only invest in children who they expect to survive, detach themselves psychologically from susceptible children and withdraw care and affection. This notion rebuffs contemporary research on the mother-child relation and the view that motherly love is a universal occurrence. The author refers to this as the modern bourgeois view. In the community, it is perceived that motherly love is meaningful and priceless and that the mother’s kindness cannot be repaid. Nonetheless, we cannot be assuming the same thing about women who anticipate and wish for their baby’s demise. It is even more difficult to presume that any woman would want a terrible thing to happen to her young one. The account of the attitude towards child mortality is distressing. This is a demonstration of human adaptability, though not the ecstatic of such demonstrations. A number of communities find motherly love to be stout that it cannot be influenced by anything. A genuine mother can never allow her child or children to pass on without a fight. This stance differentiates mothers from other regular individuals in a way. Nevertheless, it essential to understand mothers are humans first, like the rest of the people. The quality of a person’s life is largely dependent on issues beyond his control or a society. Resources may be the most vital of issues. These make motherly love subject to the accessibility of resources in the society. Over a period, a community that does not have adequate resources must change its view to the situation. Born Jesus is an example of such an occurrence

Brave Incident Essay Example for Free

Brave Incident Essay High School Fight I went to high school in Vietnam; my cousin who I call brother went to the same high school with me. The high school I attended was also the school that many gang members attended. Those gang members always abused other students and took their lunch money as well as many of their valuables such as their wallets, cell phone and laptops. Our school principal always tried to inform the police about this behavior, but unfortunately that did not help. One day my class mate ran into the lass room where I was spending my break, since I did not like to hang out in the play ground because of the gang members that were there, and he told me that my cousin was being harassed by a couple of those gang members and that they threatened to beat him to death if he does not give them all his money. My cousin was very stubborn much more like Victoriano. The two gang members had my cousin against the wall and were trying to steal his wallet and belonging while he fought hem as much as he could. I had nothing on my mind at that moment but to save my cousin and help him run away from those gang members. I looked for small pieces or rocks and a wooden stick and immediately ran towards my cousin screaming loudly so that I can distract them from him. As I started throwing the rocks on them they let go of my cousin and paid attention to where I was heading which was directly towards them. I screamed loudly telling my cousin to run away and go to the rincipals office Just like when Dona Guadalupe told her cousin l am not cutting you free so you can be brave and get killed. I want you running so you can live I wanted my cousin to run and not try to fight the gang members when they let go of him. My cousin ran to the principals office while I threw the stick of wood towards them. I immediately changed my direction and ran towards the principals office as well. The Principal called the police and they arrested the gang members and I was able to save my cousin after all.

The queer Experience in Popular Culture Essay Example for Free

The queer Experience in Popular Culture Essay According to Gordon Lynch (2005), arriving at a concrete and solid definition of popular culture is filled with a certain degree of complexities or difficulties (p. 1). This particular concept has been often a topic of various heated debates and arguments in many academic discourses and scholarly analyses. Whenever popular culture becomes the center of attraction, the mere definition of the term seems to instigate tons of both criticisms and skepticisms alike. Lynch (2005) explained that this seemingly antagonistic issues of popular culture stems from the fact that different fields of expertise have their own interpretations and understanding of the matter (p. 1). This situation implies two things. First, either popular culture is too broad—broad in the sense that it covers a wide array of issues and topics that creating a more specific definition seems to be way too impossible. On the other hand, it can be also argued that popular culture, is indeed an abstract idea that is capable of touching every field or domain , thus a concrete definition is prone to being misinterpreted as something that denotes exclusivity and power struggle. But then again, if one has to take a closer look, the problems that popular culture experience can be attributed to the fact that popular and culture imply two major complex ideas and concepts. Once and for all, culture is widespread. It embodies different facets of life and various ideological beliefs and opinions. In the meantime, identifying the objects or personalities or establishing criteria for an object or an individual to be categorized as popular is also beset with difficulties. Once and for all, there are instances wherein popularity is achieved simply because it is embedded in one’s culture. However, this situation cannot be really understood within the context of popular culture. There are also instances wherein a certain object, symbol, or value has nothing to do with culture yet popular. This situation cannot be also seen as a manifestation of popular culture. Indeed the seemingly encompassing and abstract nature of popular culture makes it hard for one to understand the whole matter in just one sitting. But this does not necessarily mean that the matter should be immediately dismissed as something that is of less importance. Although popular culture is responsible for the continuous clash of ideas and beliefs, it cannot be denied that such is too influential that eliminating it within academic discourses can be seen as a total disrespect for the matter. Popular culture tends to affect the manners and behaviors of many individuals. In recent years, it is apparent that popular culture did not only influence the lives of many—to a certain extent, it seems that popular culture has also dictated the ways wherein mankind expresses its existence and social contribution. Browne and Fishwick (1988) described that popular culture is considered as the so-called â€Å"lifeblood of one’s existence and way of life (p. 1). † This one leads to the conclusion that popular culture pertains to the socially-relevant practices and values that man acquired, practiced and readily shared. As Browne and Fishwick (1988) explained, popular culture is mainly comprised of the daily practices and routines that an individual goes through (p. 1). In addition to that, popular culture also echoes, even the nitty-gritty sentiments of an individual (Browne Fishwick 1988, p. 1). Given this situation at hand, if popular culture tends to act as the voice of each and every community, then it would not come as a surprise if issues regarding sexuality and preferences are also articulated by popular culture. Sexuality and sexual preferences is a way of life. It is also the lifeblood of one’s existence and to top it all, it is something that should be readily expressed and manifested. One cannot also deny that both sexuality and sexual preferences are also influential. However, due to certain norms and conventions that society has established, there are certain aspects of sexuality and sexual preferences that are still considered as taboo or not worthy to be discussed, moreso, to be expressed in public. This scenario is most especially true as for the case of queers who have to hide their true identities in utmost secrecy to avoid the scrutiny of a judgmental public. This dilemma is very much manifested in traditional and conservative communities or social settings. This is where popular culture comes into place. Through popular culture, the conservatism and judgment that is rendered towards queers is slowly transformed into ultimate tolerance. Take note that the term â€Å"tolerance† instead of absolute â€Å"acceptance† is used in this case. Tolerance and acceptance are different from each other. Yet, there are many instances wherein the two are interchangeably understood and interpreted by many. This discussion will provide insights on how popular culture is able to permeate the tolerance of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender expression. To enrich this study, the focus will revolve around Asian communities wherein popular culture is instrumental in the tolerance, rather than acceptance of various queer expressions. Chinese Cinema and Popular Culture Sigley and Jeffreys (1999) elucidated that topics regarding sexuality in China is still viewed differently (p. 51). To many, sex cannot be considered as something sacred. Tackling these matters tend to go beyond the borders of ethics and morality (Sigley Jeffreys 1999, p. 1). Moreover, mass media, which often perceived as the institution responsible for the educating the public and knowledge dissemination, is often blinded by the unconscious fear to discuss this matter (Sigleys Jeffreys 1999, p. 52). Based from this, it seems that China tends to shy away from discussing sexually-related issues and topics primarily because its cultural orientation requires a private manner of addressing these concerns. If sex, in its simplest context tends to raise eyebrows for many critics, then it would not come as a surprise if queer topics are most likely to be seen on the peripheral side. If sex between heterosexuals cannot be openly discussed by China’s mass media, then more prohibitions is expected to emanate as for the case of many queers. However, although China’s mass media has remained quiet and reserved regarding this matter, there is already the attempt to touch these issues and eventually present it into the public’s eyes. Although this may not be thoroughly expressed and given full attention in news organizations or programs, other forms of mass media, such as film for example, played an important role in presenting and proliferating queer themes. This has led Yang (1999) to the contention that China is yet, one of the prominent hodge-podges wherein explorations of the queer life and concept of reality can be accomplished (p. 338). Yang (1999) shared that films such as those of Wong Kar Wai’s Happy Together and Stanly Kwan’s Yang and Yin: Gender in the Chinese Cinema, have been consistent attempts to showcase the homosexual experience and lifestyle (p. 338). Slowly, but surely, these films have the capacity to destroy the cultural barriers and conventions that are often attributed to many queers. It has been often said that films present a specific portion of reality, which are often ignored and taken for granted by many viewers or audiences. Films are usually described as symbols or reflection of reality. The existence of queers and their corresponding lifestyles are the ones that are often taken to the side and are voluntarily taken out of the picture. These realities are then depicted into the movies that are focusing on these particular issues. On the other hand, it cannot be also denied that films are often considered as part of popular culture. Thus, through these aspect, what was once perceived or viewed as taboo or even explicit for that matter now have the chance of being expressed. However, although films greatly contributes into the gradual acceptance of queer culture in China, Berry (2000) explained that the societal conventions are still pretty much apparent as queers, to be more specific, gays are often depicted and portrayed as individuals who are often subject to sadness due to the lack of a loyal and faithful partner vis a vis companion (p. 187). Solitary moments in Chinese cinemas are also coupled with the enduring process of waiting for the â€Å"right one† to eventually come (Berry 2000, p. 187). Although this stance seem to imply a certain degree of queer stereotyping in Chinese cinema, the solitary experiences, the search for loyalty and companionship as well as the longing for the perfect partner, are indeed a portion of realities that are existent in many queers—not only to gays per se, but also to lesbians, bisexuals and transgenders. Thus, presenting these into movies, somehow, the conservatism that is within conservative communities, are challenged and put into a serious test. Manga and Japanese homosexuality Whenever one mentions the terms manga and anime, it all boils down to one country, Japan. Aside from Japan’s highly technological skills and capabilities, mangas also brings an intense degree of popularity in the nation. Almost every Japanese is aware of these materials. But then again, one should always bear in mind that mangas has literally taken the world by storm. Mangas’ acceptance cannot be solely attributed to their abilities to provide pleasure and entertainment. More than anything else, these have been the heralds of the Japanese experience. The recognition and acceptance that mangas received, made Dooley and Heller to (2005) a conclusion that such are perpetuators of popular cultures in Japan (146). But as the years passed by, mangas is no longer constricted or imposed to place heavy emphasis on romantic and adventure themes. As time goes by, mangas has also dabbled into the arena of discussing queer issues. McLelland (2005) implied that the growth of queer communities in Japan was triggered by certain channels of communication, print media, to be more specific (p. 0). McLelland (2005) stressed that during the times wherein internet connections were still not widely used by the public, it was print media that eventually provided a platform for â€Å"queer social networking (p. 10). From it here it can be seen that the incorporation of queer themes and issues in mangas are not purely coincidental. It is rather expected. Perhaps, the only thing that is coincidental in this aspect is that manga happens to be a symbolic manifestation of Japan’s popular culture. Since queer related topics are easily incorporated to managas, one can lead into the assumption that homosexuality is readily accepted in Japan. Once and for all, mangas are cultural products that are patronized and appreciated not only by Japanese, but also by individuals from the other side of the world. However, bringing it, within the Japanese context, if mangas can be easily distributed and at the same time, if such is a manifestation of Japanese culture, then mangas generally provide a platform wherein queers can express their beliefs and sentiments. As a matter of fact, it can be argued that the easy articulation of queer themes in mangas tend to purport that queers are warmly accepted in this country. The truth of the matter is, many queers have decided to create their own mangas and eventually share their experiences through this medium and eventually disseminate and share it to the public (Berry, Martin Hue 2003, p. 70). Accepted or Tolerated? While popular culture has managed to present the queer experience via films and print media, one cannot really see it as a form of acceptance. As mentioned earlier, popular culture as an instrument for queers to voice out their views and opinions has not managed to produce total queer acceptance within the community. Take for example in China, one thing that contributes to the failure of popular culture to achieve queer acceptance stems from the fact that (homosexuality) is seen as an influence of the West (Chua 1993, p. 38). Therefore, it can be seen that there is already a socially-constructed denial of the queer’s existence. Even though, there are little facts to support the contentions that homosexuality is a western influence, still this cultural belief is still engraved into the minds of many. Popular culture then finds it too difficult to go against such a strong and seemingly invincible system of belief. In the meantime, Chinese cinema’s portrayals and depictions of queers as individuals longing for the ideal relationship and partner that will last for the rest of time comes really short in presenting the authentic and genuine queer experience (Berry 2000, p. 87). What happens is that queer stereotypes are instead made and from time to time, the directors or producers of such movies are having a hard time in going against the country’s cultural convictions. Once and for all, there is a question of why several Chinese films often focus on the lonely side of the queer experience. This further places queer communities in a much derogatory stance. There is still the attempt to reconcile with the overall perspectives regarding queers. If there is already acceptance, then Chinese cinema should strive to stay-away from presenting how queers are prone to loosing their perfect partners and wait for another one. Although, this is something common in homosexual relationships, this area alone is just a portion of the colorful yet highly challenging queer life. In the meantime, as for the case of mangas, queers and popular culture in Japan, Grossman (2000) shared that while there are instances wherein mangas may present sexually related content, it is still permissible—not because it is already accepted (p. 41). Rather it is more on the fact that queer themes and even explicit content are highly tolerated since it simply inhibits â€Å"fantasies (Grossman 2000, p. 141). † Inhibiting fantasies are tolerated by the actual act is still not permissible (Grossman 2000, p. 141). Grossman (2000) further discussed that the market potential of mangas is seen from a positive light and it is tolerated with the intention to lessen the curiosity of the public and therefore lessen the occurrence of queer-related incidents and sex crimes (p. 141). Conclusion Popular culture is indeed influential and somehow it was able to give a voice to many queers. However, due to strong cultural orientations which often contradicts the queer existence, the matter is simply tolerated and still on the process of being readily accepted. Popular culture, in its articulation of queer themes and experiences is still at its infancy and insinuating to totally accept these matters still have a long way to go. As of the moment, the only thing that popular culture can offer to queers is tolerance. Acceptance can be only determined by time.

Management Of Change Within Mcdoanlds Restaurant Business Essay

Management Of Change Within Mcdoanlds Restaurant Business Essay McDonalds is the worlds largest fast food chain serving more than eight million customers daily. It starts its operation by giving franchise right, affiliated company and starting its own unit. Source of revenue generations are rent, royalties received from franchise or sales units operated by McDonalds. Main products of McDonalds are hamburger, chicken, cheese burger, break fast item, soft drinks and deserts. It is rapidly growing organization; it generated 9% more net income in 2007 than the year 2006. In order to sustain its sell in the market and make company more profitable McDonalds is focusing to bring some changes. It is utmost priority of every organization that it should improve itself in order to strengthen its capabilities and sustain its competitive advantage. It strives for the attainment of this purpose in shape of introducing change management in the organization. In order to remain in the market with full potential management of the organization and lower staff must be ready to bring the change because environment is dynamic and it is rapidly changing and businesses are going to be complex. It is necessary for the organizations to bring changes to operate and keep itself competitive in this dynamic environment.   Business world is continuously changing and new technologies and innovative products have been introduced on daily basis and most of the organizations are accepting theses change even they are not willing to accept. It is because of change benefits, changes bring improvement. When a person accept change and cope up with changes and equipped himself / herself then he/ she bec omes different from other. His worth exceeds than that of the person who does not keep himself / herself up to date. If any employee enhances his/ her skill with new technology, his/ her efficiency increase, can perform better than previous, increase the productivity of the organization.    Thats why it has been observed in the most of the organizations that they adopt changes quickly because they understand the worth of change. They try to equip their employees with modern technology as their performance gets improved. Change is very important for every organization. Companies and business adopt change and incorporate it in their organization for fulfilling the needs of suppliers and customers and to remain competitive in market. We can define change as implementation of new activity; the main purpose of that activity is to enhance the productivity by applying new policies and procedures. Change management process and change implementation has different strategies to change, so the change process is very complex and comprehensive. The most important approach in change implementation process is one which brings accomplishment. Changes in organization are essential at different activates such as modification in management system, change in operations, change in organization structure and change in other activities which management may consider important. Change in necessary when management is facing problem in current system or for getting better the performance of the organization the management may modify the current system or implement change in any activity. The factors that may bring change may be internal and external. Different activities and different new strategies can be introduced tat different level, and these changes and modifications may be restricted or unrestricted, common or general in nature. Internal factors for change may include the following: Change in structure of organization Increase in business needs Alteration in business plan Modification in goals of business External factors for change may include: Technology growth Changes in economic conditions that affect the profitability or value of money Requirement of electronic and technological services It is the primary responsibility of the McDonalds to bring changes in order to achieve organizational goals and objective in effective manner, due to that it must plan from initial stage of change to proper implementation.   For the effective implementations of the change and successful results of the change organization must focus on Individuals and their relationships and continuous improvement system is introduced in which change is carried on properly. In order to improve the organization and bring change successfully, McDonald should consider the issues wisely and come up with positive solution that may break hinders. At each stage organization should take action to overcome the resistance and implement change properly. NEED FOR CHANGE The extent of the change management in McDonald as companys marking plans is restricted to execution of incorporated marketing communication. For bringing new things and new activities in organization, the marketing, advertising and promotional operations of the organization must be focused. Normally different communication mediums are used for marketing and advertising and considered as aid for offering services and ideas and products. Different kinds and different types of communication media are used for marketing and advertising the products. The concentration shall be given on marketing, advertising and promotion in integrated marketing operation. The part of new marketing plans of the McDonald, integrated marketing operation shall be highlighted by this change and new modification. The basic idea of the integrated market operations is to implement change related to health, which spread the information about current development in health and the increasing ration of fatness amon g children and adults for creating target marketing. The objective of integrated market operation is to launch new products for children, and to reduce the effect of growing bad perception about McDonald among the individuals. The marketing approach which focuses on the peoples heath will provide information to parents and children about the new product of McDonald McKids, and about differences between new product and existing products. If the integrated marketing communication system is successfully implemented, then it would provide successful marketing, advertising and public relations operations for efficiently introducing the new products of McDonald to general community. The organization should form a team for bringing new activities that would handle the necessary issues for this change. The new dietary material information of new product has also uploaded on McDonald (Bahrain) website. This change will mainly concentrate on marketing and sale promotion. Nowadays, the menu of McDonald for children has facing the problem of criticism. The integrated marketing communication has been implemented by the McDonald for changing the perception of people about the kid menu of McDonald. Through integrated marketing communication, it will also be ensured that the mission and vision that the McDonald is utilizing has been highlighted in every advertisement or promotion or not. RESISTANCE TO CHANGE It is the well known fact that when any organization brings changes, it faces difficulties while implementing these changes. Resistance may occur before implementing the change, during implementing the change and after implementing the change. thats why these changes are carefully managed as organizations can avoid adverse outcomes of the change because change is brought for the betterment of the organization and management expects some thing better from that change, if it is not properly implemented and it get victimized of extreme resistance then the expected result would be inverse.   It is the priority of the organization that it should manage the change proper way and for this purpose open talks with employees are conducted in order to know the view of the employees because change will directly effect on the employees and if they do not accept it, organization would not achieve desired results. Now it is the responsibility of top authorities to find out ways that can bring org anization up as well as they must terrace out he ways through which that change will be implemented successfully. McDonald is striving to encounter the environmental changes by bringing changes in its promotional activities, by making changes it can respond the external and internal factor that are rapidly changing. Change will be made in promotional activities in which organization will boost its image in the mind of customer. Because of that change McDonald is facing some problems to implement the change that is resistance from employees side. Problems that have been encountered by employees are misperception and negative reaction by the customer and employees, culture is not supporting for these changes. Major problem is reaction by employees and customer regarding the implementation of this change. a few of the employees are in favour of changes, they want that integrated marketing communication should be implemented. Others are resisting implementing that change. They are opposing change because they fear that company is going in wrong direction. They think company what ever is expecting would not attain it but it would encounter more problems due to this change. It is also a problem that those who suggested the change to be implemented are not able to properly convey the outcome the organization would gain from that change. Though technology is rapidly developing in these days, information technology has grown more rapidly than any other technology. specifically in the information technology, if organization purchases computers and uses it for marketing purpose as McDonald is expecting to bring the changes but the issue is that, with the passage of time these computer would be outdated and company will have to replace them. It may cause severe losses for the company. This issue has been raised not only by employees but also by customer thats why they are opposing to bring changes. This has created big issue for the McDonalds because it would not be able to achieve desired results that it is expecting from that change. Company may lose the key employees those who basically operate that change because due to resistance many of the employees may quit the McDonald and McDonald may require a number of other employees who can operate and run this change. It is purely technical task and only IT literate person can handle it. Every organization faces barrier when it comes with innovative idea as McDonald is going to implement new change it also facing barriers and organizations success depends upon the change. Barriers may not be in shape of resistance but they may be resources that required bringing change. Stakeholder may resist because they may not rely the proper usage of that communication media, there may short fall of amount because its implementation requires finance. MANAGING THE RESISTANCE It is the responsibility of McDonalds that how wisely it deals these issues because these issues are not as bigger as they are perceived, for this purpose it must ensure the employees that the change is not going to hurt them rather it would be beneficial for the organization and if organization will move in right direction then ultimate benefit will be given to employees.   Major problem that is with this change in technology that McDonald is going to introduce is not long lasting because computer is rapidly changing, the growth ration in this sector is high. So stakeholder fear that if this change is brought then it would not be the permanent solution, organization may have to change in future. Thats why it should be considered wisely that technology should perform long lasting duration. Information regarding the change will be provided to the employees would be accurate and every one can easily understand. Third issue that McDonalds have to ensure that after implementation how this program will be carried on, the follow up of this program will be ensured by the top authority of management. Necessary training must be provided to the employees who would directly interact with this change and handle all the activities that would occur after change. McDonalds should provide necessary things to carry on the functions that would be run by the employees. There are differences in cultures among the employees who are working in McDonalds. They would not synchronize the activities with the changes because of their differences in culture thats why it would be more difficult for the management of McDonalds to implement the change properly. Apart from that this is most difficult type of conflict; the reason for this conflict would not be change. While implementing the change McDonalds must ensure that who would be responsible to manage the change if any cultural difference is found it must be observed and they must terrace out subcultures to overcome this problem. They must identify that that would be empowered by this change. For solving these types of problems, the executives of McDonald should form a successful culture of the organization, and tough organization by the use of good control of the stakeholders in organization; they should also provide their needs and wants which they require for the motivation of stakeholders which benefit the stakeholders as well as company. For certifying or confirming the continued success in change implementation, some elements are part of human capital management strategy and plan. These elements include processes and procedures for work, design and structure of organization, management performance and program for providing compensation. Some of the customers of McDonald have also created problems in implementation of change in organization. The McDonald should introduce governance process for ensuring the equality among employees and controlling the people of different cultures. The managing and controlling of people in organization is very difficult and challenging task, if we give careful consideration, attention and focus, on it then it will increase loyalty of employees and hardworking which will benefit the organization and employees. If the management provide reasonable time, advance information, incremental peoples for doing job effectively and provide extra hands and minds then the employees work more than what is expected from them. The not availability of any support in achieving the success from processes is the main clash in execution of change. Change can be implemented in different phases; it can not be implemented just by any decision. The people which are involves in change process must go through their experiences for realizing the objectives of the modification. For success in implementing change and solve these types of clashes the management of McDonald should that the information regarding the change objectives and purposes has been properly distributed to all stakeholders and these all stakeholders such as employees, customers, suppliers, staff should realize that they are m ain source and vital for these changes. The management must be able to identify and predict problems which may be faced by organization and those problems may hamper the employees and other stakeholders from supporting the change. RECOMMENDATIONS To shifting the behaviour and perception of the children about healthy fast food may be very complicated, so success of these changes is very doubtful. There Is also indications to be successful in change implementation because of good features of integrated marketing communication. McDonald should ensure that the new advertisement for the new image has been reached to every child in all countries where the products of the company are available, for this the company may use different types of media that disperse the information. These new advertisements for building image of McDonald should also reach to the parent because these are the parents who purchase the food for their children, and these advertisements should persuade the parents to encourage their children for eating healthy and dietary food. There are many ways for changing and innovation, the more concentration is given to research and development. Novelty can be achieved by less formal changes in the job by exchanging and merging professional experience or other approaches may also be used. Innovation can be defined as new ides, new goods, new activities, new services or practices initiated by organization which are useful in achieving the objective of the business. Innovation is much debated area in modern world, whether the innovation is based on new knowledge or expertise or based on needs of societies or communities and market requirements. The common factor in successful innovation is acknowledgement of demands rather than acknowledgement of technical problems. This innovation will positively result for McDonald; it should try its level best to implement this change any way. For the implementation of this change if it has to encounter few problems its must concentrate on it and try to resolve this problem. There are many possibilities for the McDonalds that it would bring revolution in the food industry and will gain competitive advantage. Thought it is food producing company if it crates this promotional activity not only it would attract customer but also affects positively in the minds customers.   CONCLUSION It is utmost priority of every organization that it should improve itself in order to strengthen its capabilities and sustain its competitive advantage. It strives for the attainment of this purpose in shape of introducing change management in the organization. It is the primary responsibility of the McDonalds to bring changes in order to achieve organizational goals and objective in effective manner, due to that it must plan from initial stage of change to proper implementation.   The extent of the change management in McDonald as companys marking plans is restricted to execution of incorporated marketing communication. For bringing new things and new activities in organization, the marketing, advertising and promotional operations of the organization must be focused. Normally different communication mediums are used for marketing and advertising and considered as aid for offering services and ideas and products. Resistance may occur before implementing the change, during implementing the change and after implementing the change. thats why these changes are carefully managed as organizations can avoid adverse outcomes of the change because change is brought for the betterment of the organization and management expects some thing better from that change, if it is not properly implemented and it get victimized of extreme resistance then the expected result would be inverse.   Information regarding the change will be provided to the employees would be accurate and every one can easily understand. Third issue that McDonalds have to ensure that after implementation how this program will be carried on, the follow up of this program will be ensured by the top authority of management. This innovation will positively result for McDonald; it should try its level best to implement this change any way. For the implementation of this change if it has to encounter few problems its must concentrate on it and try to resolve this problem.

Parental Involvement in Childrens Education Essay examples -- Parenta

Benjamin Franklin once said, â€Å"Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn.† In order for a student to truly succeed, there must be some type of involvement. Parental involvement is a certain asset that most successful students all share. In contrast, some parents sometimes blame teachers for their child’s low learning potential. This is false, since learning starts at home. A child needs to be taught morals, values and book knowledge in order to succeed in life. After all, the average school day is only six hours a day, and the child is at home for far more than that. Parental involvement in significant because teachers and staff are not the only people a child can depend on for a good education or even becoming a better person. I chose this topic because I am a parent of three kids, and I also think it is important to parents and future parents and anyone who are raising kids. Most of the all, early parental involvement in child ’s education has demonstrated higher chances of academic success by overpowering differences in upbringing that include: race, culture, economic status, educational levels, age, marital status, and gender. Culture impacts parental involvement because this varies from family to family and some cultures have different ideas of what is significant. For example, in some cultures believe children don’t need parental involvement because if they get more support from their parent; they can’t be independent and they can’t learn the value of being self-dependent. The aspect of culture is highly significant when it comes to a child’s education (Cheung, C. M. (2011)) conducted study regarding parental involvement was done on learning skills in the US and China. Since the s... ...ingapore. Journal Of Educational Psychology, 106(1), 301-314. doi:10.1037/a0033821 http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.ezlib.gatewaycc.edu:2048/ehost/detail?vid=6&sid=e01bfa0b-6904-4c06-812b-e734179e4d63%40sessionmgr4001&hid=4111&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=pdh&AN=2013-29638-001 TOREN, N. (2013). MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT AND ITS LINKS TO YOUNG ADOLESCENT SELF-EVALUATION AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT. Psychology In The Schools, 50(6), 634-649. http://ezlib.gatewaycc.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pbh&AN=85747131&site=ehost-live Vellymalay,( 2012) Parental Involvement at Home: Analyzing the Influence of Parents' Socioeconomic Status By Vellymalay, Suresh Kumar N. | Studies in Sociology of Science, March 1, 2012 http://www.questia.com/read/1G1-284552837/parental-involvement-at-home-analyzing-the-influence

Essay --

INTRODUCTION Diabetes is a chronic disorder that affects a large segment of the population and is a most significant public health problem. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder affecting the Langher islets of pancreas affecting the insulin and glucoagan production and consecutively affecting the sugar (glucose) metabolism which in turn affecting the overall metabolism the disease may be classified into type I diabetes mellitus and type II diabetes mellitus. Type I diabetic mellitus is previously known as insulin- dependent diabetic mellitus. Type II diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia due to an individual’s struggle to insulin with an insulin secretory defect (Papanas and Maltezos, 2007). The changes are primarily the consequence of the low insulin glucagons ratio. The effects of insulin on carbohydrate lipid and amino acid metabolism have been demonstrated in diabetic Mellitus all these effects are overturned (Varaiya et al., 2008). Diabetes and foot problems are in the order of synonymous. A recent WHO report designates that India has the biggest diabetic population (19 million in 1995) that is predictable to rise to 57 million by 2025 (Mayhfield et al., 1998). Kahn (1999) reported that a commonly accepted definition of foot infection is the incidence of systemic signs of infection (e.g.,fever and leucocytosis) or purulent secretions or two or more restricted symptoms or signs (redness, warmness, indurations, pain, or tenderness). Viswanathan et al. (2002) reported that 25% of diabetic individuals is predictable to expand brutal foot problems at some point in their lifetime that frequently end with amputation. Diabetic foot infections are more ruthless and more complex to treat than infections in non-diabetics. ... ... AIM AND OBJECTIVE 1. Study on socioeconomic status- includes Age category, Gender, Literacy Status and Economic Status (Annual income) of diabetic patients with foot ulcer at the different private laboratory at Sankari and Edappadi 2. Study on diabetic related factors include duration of diabetes mellitus, random blood sugar at the time of questionnaire, associated disease along with foot ulcer, history of previous amputation, type of treatment at the time of questionnaire and foot care maintenance of diabetic patients with foot ulcer at the different private laboratory at Sankari and Edappadi 3. Study on isolation and identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from diabetic foot ulcer. 4. Study on antibiotic resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from diabetic foot ulcer. 5. Effect of essential oil against Pseudomonas aeruginosa from diabetic foot ulcer.

Race and Ethnicity: Introduction to Sociology Essay

The terms stereotype, prejudice, discrimination, and racism are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation. But when discussing these terms from a sociological perspective, it is important to define them: stereotypes are oversimplified ideas about groups of people, prejudice refers to thoughts and feelings about those groups, while discrimination refers to actions toward them. Racism is a type of prejudice that involves set beliefs about a specific racial group. As stated above, stereotypes are oversimplified ideas about groups of people. Stereotypes can be based on race, ethnicity, age, gender, sexual orientation—almost anyc haracteristic. They may be positive (usually about one’s own group, such as when women suggest they are less likely to complain about physical pain) but are often negative (usually toward other groups, such as when members of a dominant racial group suggest that a subordinate racial group is stupid or lazy). In either case, the stereotype is a generalization that doesn’t take individual differences into account. Where do stereotypes come from? In fact new stereotypes are rarely created; rather, they are recycled from subordinate groups that have assimilated into society and are reused to describe newly subordinate groups. For example, many stereotypes that are currently used to characterize black people were used earlier in American history to characterize Irish and Eastern European immigrants. Prejudicesarefueledbystereotypes,anexaggeratedordistortedbelieforimageabouta person or group. Stereotypes assume that everyone in a group the same characteristics, leading people to falsely believe that â€Å"they† are all alike. Even when the stereotype suggests positive traits (for example, that women are nurturing), everyone is hurt because these images leave no room for individual differences. No one is born believing stereotypes — they are learned from media, or parents, peers and many other sources. Social scientists believe that children begin to learn prejudices and stereotypes as early as two or three years old. Even though they don’t fully understand what prejudice is, young children may repeat racial slurs or act out stereotypes they see in the media. For example, a group of girls may tell a boy that he can’t play house because it’s a girl’s game. As they are exposed to more stereotypes, young children tend to form attachments to their own group and develop negative attitudes about other groups. As these attitudes deepen over a person’s lifetime, they are difficult to change. As they get older, people tend to see the things that support their views and disregard or ignore experiences that challenge them. I do not think this that if we promote only positive stereotype, then it will be helpful for the society as whole to react positively all the time. However, I think positive stereotype does not necessarily stop racial discrimination, because there are some positive stereotypes that can make other people feel uncomfortable. One of the examples of positive stereotype is that Chinese people are good at mathematics. What can we assume from this perspective that except Chinese, all other groups are bad at mathematics? This positive stereotype underestimates the power of other racial groups too. Besides that, I think people should not pay heed to such generalization about any group, because if someone gets involved in these things, then it’s even harder to come out of; because that really affects your mind completely. As it is mentioned above that we are not born with having stereotypical thinking, but learn them from parents, peers, school. Then, I really think we should terminate this concept of stereotype from its roots by not teaching our children about such things. Teaching about stereotype promotes negative and positive stereotype forms. Positive teaching can lead us to the right path that includes no discrimination and other negative principles. Question 4 Today people of color continue to be disproportionately incarcerated, policed, and sentenced to death at significantly higher rates than their white counterparts. Further, racial disparities in the criminal-justice system threaten communities of color disenfranchising thousands by limiting voting rights and denying equal access to employment, housing, public benefits, and education to millions more. In light of these disparities, it is imperative that criminal-justice reform evolves as the civil rights issue of the 21st century. Racism is an ongoing force that negatively impacts the lives of Americans every day. Also, the race is determine by color skins. The racist mindset in America stems from the times of slavery, where blacks were thought to be inferior to whites. Throughout history, the ideas of race and racism has evolved and developed several different meanings. Today, we can still see the devastating effects of racism on people of color, as well as whites. â€Å"Racism, like other forms of oppression, is not only a personal ideology based on racial prejudice, but a system involving cultural messages and institutional policies and practices as well as beliefs and actions of individual† (Tatum, pg. 9). As a result of this system, it leaves the oppressed at a great disadvantage in society. This includes access to social, cultural, and economic resources and decision-making. . From the time of slavery, to the present, racism has had many destructive and negative effects on the people in our society. White people have more opportunities than black, such as in education and employment, etc. The United States has chased violent law implementation strategies to limit the use and distribution of illegal drugs. Relative to their numbers in the general population and among drug offenders, Black Americans are excessively arrested, convicted, and imprisoned on drug charges. According to reading 26 by David Cole, in Baltimore, blacks are five times more likely than white to be arrested for drug offenses. In Columbus, black males are less than 11 percent of the population, but account for 90 percent drug arrests; they are arrested at a rate eighteen times greater than white males. Similar racial gap are found in confinement rates for drug offenses. From 1986 to 1991, the number of white drug offenders jailed in state prisons increased by 110 percent, but the number of black drug offenders by 465 percent. Thus, the victims of the war on drugs have been overly black. Some argue that this is neither surprising nor problematic, but simply reflects the unfortunate fact that the drug problem itself extremely burdens the black community. If more blacks are using and selling drugs, equal enforcement of the drug law will lead to unreasonable arrest and incarceration of African Americans. As a result, the imprisonment of such a high proportion of young African American males for drug crimes will have significant adverse long term effects on the black community. A criminal record makes it much more difficult to find a legitimate job and disable thousands of young black men at the beginning of their careers. I do not agree with this because, although whites are relatively untouched by anti-drug efforts compared to blacks, supporters of the drug war may not see a problem of race discrimination. Because they do not believe the purpose of drug law enforcement is to harm blacks if anything, drug law enforcement is seen as protecting minority communities from addiction, harassment, and violence. According toDevah Pager, acriminal record has asignificant negative impacton hiring outcomes, which even for applicants with otherwise appealing characteristics. Yet, a criminal record reduces the likelihood of a callback or job offer. Besides, the negative effect of a criminal conviction is substantially larger for blacks than for whites. The ratio of the criminal record penalty suffered by black applicants is roughly double the size of the penalty for whites with a record. This interaction between race and criminal record is large and statistically important, which indicates that the penalty of a criminal record is more restricting for black job seekers than whites. The number of crimes enhances the chances of suspicion against black people, because of racial discrimination black people have been faced many problems. Furthermore, employers hesitate to hire any black person due to the criminal history regarding blacks. Some employers might fail some black based on the criminal background that is not directly related to them, but they face consequences indirectly. The effect of race was very large, equal to or greater than the effect of a criminal record. For example, the survey audited 350 employers, 150 by white and 200 by black team (pg. 232). Only 14 percent of black men without criminal record were called back, a proportion equal to or less than even than the number of whites with a criminal background. This research shows that this discrimination is based on race, every illegal and illegitimate activity intentionally or unintentionally involves blacks, because of their historical notoriety. However, people neglect the history of blacks being slaves of white, when they were ruled over by whites and were being unjust. Despite that fact, people today do not hesitate to think of blacks first when any crime is committed, because somewhere in the past, blacks had committed some crimes. Thus, the discrimination between whites and blacks is somehow lesser than before, but there are still some places where racial discrimination exists and deprives blacks of their rights being the lawful citizen if this country.

Management Policy and Strategy

Unit 1 Learning Journal Kaplan University MT460: Management Policy and Strategy Professor Wendy Finlay November 12, 2012 Strategic management gives a business the opportunity to produce the best strategy to be more proactive in creating its future by influencing activities to control the direction of the company. The benefits of strategic management is that it helps provide a framework for the organization because the business is able form better strategies in areas of research, development, marketing, sales and financial aspects. Businesses are able to ensure that these practices are strategically managed to mprove both productivity and revenues in the company so that the company is successful. Due to this process, business can benefit from improvements in sales, profits, and productivity. Other benefits of strategic management include awareness of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for opportunity of improvement were necessary. In addition, the company benefits becaus e they are able to develop advancement in understanding strategies of the competitor, reduce resistance to change and enhance in problem prevention capabilities. Overall, the most important enefit of strategic management is to assist the company to form better strategies by utilizing a process that has a more systematic and logical approach to strategic choices. There are many risk associated with strategic management due to the unforeseen circumstances that can occur when processes and procedures are implemented in the company. Managing strategically in business can be both difficult and messy; in addition it can require a considerable amount of work. It also can place a new set of demands on employees that they were not expecting o oversee in their daily activities this can impact their daily responsibilities. Due to these aspects, some of the risks in strategic management are that it can be very expensive and time consuming to plan. Strategic management is also risky because it c an expose conflicts within the company in the areas of decision making and can cause current operational issues because long term planning decisions. Strategic management has many risks as well as the fear of failure, once a completed plan is established by the company it can limit both the choices and activities of the business in the future.

Bacchus And Ariadne

Here, to create drama and depth, the warm hues of Aridness hair are contrasted against the white and pale blue of the sky in the background. Complimentary colors (inside Art', 2014), the rich red and blue of her gown and sash are juxtaposition's and contrasted against the pale colder greens and blues, which form the sea and landscape behind her, creating an aerial perspective (inside Art', 2014). Her face, now turned to Bacchus, is tinged with uncertainty, yet still mourning, her body and up-raised hand gesture towards the sea. Over her left shoulder is the fleeing ship of err husband Theses, who has cruelly abandoned her.However, above her head, the constellation Bacchus has promised her is a token of a happier future. Arid one's gaze directs us to the central figure of the God of wine, who, instantly enthralled by her, is depicted leaping from his chariot. In this vivid rectangle of imagery, the viewer is reminded of the past, present and the future of the unfolding story. The clas sically posed figures of Ridden and Bacchus are created using identical modeling (inside Art', 2014) techniques. Shading and glazing (Nationally, n. D. ) create the luminescence of their pale kin tone.However, most striking is Bacchus' flowing vermilion gown, which mimics the intensity of his passionate expression. To create such a dramatic depiction, Titian has employed a narrow tonal range (inside Art', 2014) and shading to highlight the striking vermilion hues, which he then contrasts against the ultramarine of the sky. These dramatic effects project the God towards the viewer, thus extending the picture plane outwards. Other devices are incorporated to keep the eye moving through the composition. Between Bacchus and Ridden, two cheetahs mimic the central subjects as hey gaze at each other half cast in the shadow.Below Aridness feet, a discarded white robe and amphora distract the gaze. Color is employed to drawn the eye away from the left of the picture space to the right, where three figures form a triangular focal point. Central to this is a nymph clashing cymbals together, her gown of complimentary hues of real and ultramarine are juxtaposition's; to her left, the faun, dragging the decapitated head Of a deer, stares out mischievously through the picture plane, and the last of the trio is the shaded muscular figure entwined with rotting snakes.

The Dangers of Television

SUMARY The Dangers of Television by Harriet B Fuller (USA) According to Harriet in the United States, television has played in changing American values as follows. In the 1940s, television was predicted to bring families closer together. Its influence, however, has splintered family relations. The first danger of television, as the author mentions is the lack of as family outings‚ the going of the whole family together such as family take a walk, dine out, go to the cinema are constrain when one or more family members do not go by they want watching more go out.The second danger mentioned by the author is the limitation of family time together at home. The recreational activities before TV include: games, songs, and hobbies. They will replace the time of the occasion for talking in family: debate and talk with family members. The final danger as the author claims is the â€Å"domination† of TV in our daily life. This is â€Å"dominates† the family. The family acti vity depend on TV.In conclusion, the writer gives an alarm that if children watch TV for hours; it has become a pacifier and a baby-sitter. Parents' roles as educators have been replaced by TV, preventing necessary interactions between family members Reaction paragraph According to Harriet in the United States, television it now â€Å"dominates† the family and In my opinion, the writer is completely true. Obviously,I have seen the effects of television on my family and agree with the author of this article.As a child, I can remember watching very little television. The majority of my time was spent outdoors with my family gardening, playing, caring for livestock. However, I did have a younger brother who preferred watching television to joining our family activities. and bad effect to our family. In conclusion, it is significant that we need to consider the dangers of television to our life and future because it effect to family relationship.

Absolutism under Louis XIV

Louis XIV lived from 1638- 1715 and became the king of France in 1654. At the time he became king, France was financially ruined, politically corrupt, and divided between warring nobles and private armies and under the threat of riots from the people, especially in Paris. Louis XIV was an absolute monarch. Absolutism is the system of rule that allows one or more rulers to maintain absolute power over everything in the land. There is no higher power and even the Parliament could not overrule Louis’ decisions. As absolute monarch, Louis XIV set about reforming the state politically, economically and culturally. Louis XIV’s absolute monarchy had three components: Centralization- this meant that the monarchy was the center of everything. All decisions from the monarchy were undisputable and final. All counties and villages were expected to follow this rule to create a united state and a centralized leadership. Economic reforms- â€Å"Under the guidance of Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619-83) a modern system of accountancy and yearly state budgeting was introduced. Colbert also supervised systematic attacks on corruption, removing, punishing, or paying off office holders. He also introduced tax reforms ending exemptions, tax-farming, and military collection of taxes and state support for industry, science, trade, and the arts. As regards the operations of the state, Colbert raised government income to the point when it could pay for quite massive expenses. Government subsidizing and directing of industry and manufacture increased productivity, raised wages, and brought France into the trade wars with the English and the Dutch. Colbert, like many French officials, repeatedly remarked that the inhabitants must pay the tax not only because it would raise additional funds, but also because paying the levy was the obedience which is due His Majesty. [1] â€Å"Theater of Monarchy†-this is the public representation of royal power and glory. Under the theory of absolutism, sovereignty is grounded in God, not the people. The glory of the monarch is, as it were, the earthly point at which is expressed both the glory of the state as a social whole ordered around and dependent upon the monarch and the glory of God from whom the monarch derives power and role. It was therefore important to show, through royal events and presentations, the state as personified by the king. Louis XIV distinguished between â€Å"nature as it ought to be†, as ordained by God, and â€Å"nature as it is†, disrupted by human activity. As the new, distant and mysterious God no longer intervened directly in the natural order, it fell to the monarch to uphold â€Å"nature as it ought to be† and prevent it disintegrating into disorder.   [2] One of his reforms began with the acquisition of the providence of Roussillonnais in 1659, which was inhabited by a specific ethnic group known as the Catalans. Louis XIV understood that there can be no shared political allegiance without shared cultural values. Thus a government, if it is to exercise its political authority in an area, must first make the region culturally homogeneous with the ruling nation. Louis XIV undertook to replace the Catalan ethnic identity with the French one, mandating the foods, clothing, legal system, language, educational institutions, and religious traditions that should be used in the province.  Ã‚   [3] The Catalans did not agree with Louis and made it clear with smuggling, legal battles and even open rebellion. They wished to maintain their own culture and laws and did not want to accept the monarchy as their ruler. Like all peasants, they were reluctant to pay taxes to the monarchy and many turned to smuggling as an alternative.   By the 1680’s, however, Louis XIV and his government were successful in achieving their goal of political assimilation. The Roussillonais had accepted France as their political rules but continued to conduct their legal, commercial, judicial, and religious business in the Catalan language, continued to dress as Catalans, to give their children Catalan names, and to celebrate traditional feasts. They were quite firmly French in a political sense, and equally firmly Catalan in their culture.  Ã‚   [4] A trend that began in the 17th century was for the ruler to govern from one location versus the many homes and palaces of the past. Louis XIV was one such ruler, moving from the royal palace of the Louvre in Paris to a permanent home in Versailles. It was from this location that he ruled France for his entire reign. Louis XIV was also known as the â€Å"sun king† due to his use of the symbol as his personal emblem. As the highest star, now accepted by science as the centre of the universe, the sun was an obvious choice to symbolize absolutism’s claim to constitute the political centre of earthly life. The sun was both terrifying and awe inspiring, dazzling through its brightness, yet also warming and beneficent, and without its presence all life would whither away. [1] David Stewart, Assimilation and Acculturation in Seventeenth-Century Europe: Roussillon and France, 1659-1715 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1997) 39, [2] Peter H. Wilson, Absolutism in Central Europe (London: Routledge, 2000) 5. [3] David Stewart, Assimilation and Acculturation in Seventeenth-Century Europe: Roussillon and France, 1659-1715 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1997) 1. [4] David Stewart, Assimilation and Acculturation in Seventeenth-Century Europe: Roussillon and France, 1659-1715 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1997) 9.

Bilingual Education in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bilingual Education in America - Essay Example For the students who speak only a minority language, or are limited-English-proficient (LEP), bilingual education is not an optional luxury. It is a necessity required to access an acceptable education. Bilingual education is not a recent development in America. As early as 1839 Ohio enacted a German-English program to teach immigrant students (History of Bilingual Education). The political shifts of the 20th century greatly curtailed bilingual efforts and recent political views against it have cast the issue back into the spotlight. Proponents of an English only system have pointed to the fears of losing our national identity and that speaking English makes you American. This approach has led to the sink or swim approach to educating our youngest students. Though these objections may be raised with good intentions, the long-term effect for the student and society is harmful and the cost is high. Students need to be assimilated into our language as well as our society. With a bilingual program, students are taught the desired English, yet have the chance to also explore other subjects in their native tongue. This keeps the student on pace and the additional knowledge also aids in the learning of English (Crawford, 1998).

Foundations of Knowledge and Professional Skills Assignment

Foundations of Knowledge and Professional Skills - Assignment Example element of surprise in these two organizations the author gives a case where the film crew was shooting a dramatic slaughter scene on the top of the floor. The electricity electrocutes the victim, while failing into a hot tub. However, they failed to account for displacement. When the actor failed into the tub, the water overflowed, spreading over the floor. The floor shorted the electricity in the entire mansion, halting the production. On the case of SWAT police, he brings out a case where the police had prepared to execute a search warrant on suspected drug house. The officer on the team had reviewed pictures film and diagrams of the location. They sketched the route to follow during the entry and agreed on their distribution inside the location (Edward, 2009, p.382). The wall and rooms were not in expected configuration. According to cunha, surprise is a break in the expectation that arise from a situation that are not expected or do not advance as planned (Baker 2007). It encompasses unanticipated element and draws attention from standard progression of work. Surprises are interesting for they show the various way an organization faces uncertainty and adapts. Surprise has been characterized into various group based on their source and outcomes. Both events processes generate them. Cuhn et al (2003, P.322) argues that they can emerge from simple situation, or a complicated system. The consequences of surprise can be negative or positive at their most negative they can constitute to a cosmology event as described by Mann gulch blaze. The positive consequences are where the outcome of surprises engages the organization members with situation coupled with recognition of need for change. No matter the source of the surprise the organization member need to response in a manner that enables their work to continue. Organization is increasingly facing surprise as enumerated by Barley (2006, p.88). It is therefore very important to understand what make organization

ACCT202 - DVHA - Accounting II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

ACCT202 - DVHA - Accounting II - Essay Example This means that the buttons are stitched onto the right half and the buttonholes are on the left. There could be two or three buttons, which factor has an interesting role to play as I shall show later. Purely as a matter of interest, the item of male clothing that has the maximum number of manufacturing operations done on it is the coat, twenty-seven separate operations (www.stitchworld.net). The best way to put on a coat is to have an assistant standing behind you holding the coat at the level of your neck. He clasps both shoulders of the coat, one in each hand. Using his right hand, he opens up the front half of the right side, so that the armhole is clearly visible and positioned slightly below your right hand. After you slide your right arm fully into the right sleeve, he opens up the left half with the buttonhole slightly above your left arm, so that you have to reach upwards to slide your left arm into the sleeve. I will stop here, as all subsequent actions are the same as those carried out by you without an assistant. When you have to put on your coat by yourself, the best method is to start by laying the coat on its back on a bed. With your left hand, hold the collar facing you (the right collar when worn) between your thumb and the other four fingers and slide your right arm into the sleeve, gathering the coat as you stand up. Bring your bunched left fist up to touch your right cheek, fold your right arm so that you can use the fingers on your right hand to replace the left. Now move your fist backwards towards the center of your neck. This will help you to locate the left armhole with your free left hand. Slide your left arm in. The most widely used method is when you have just a coat and nothing else. Again, with your left hand, hold the collar facing you between your thumb and the other four fingers, but at the spot directly above the center of the armhole. The armhole should be visible to you at a

Iron Deficiency Anemia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Iron Deficiency Anemia - Essay Example I will address an important topic that still causes major morbidity and mortality around the world, especially in low income populations and children. 2. Iron-deficient erythropoiesis: after iron stores are exhausted, lack of iron limits the production of hemoglobin and other metabolically active compounds that require iron as a constituent or cofactor. Globally, the most common cause of anemia is iron deficiency. Other possible causes are acute or chronic infections, parasitic diseases, heavy menstruation, hemoglobinopathy, colon cancer, and vitamin A/B12 or folate deficiency, among others. Various epidemiological studies have shown that iron deficiency anemia is still one of the most prevalent nutritional deficiencies. Iron deficiency is present in up to 30% of women, and 70% of pregnant women. A recent cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and possible risk factors for iron deficiency anemia on aboriginal schoolchildren living in remote areas in Malaysia. Overall, 48.5% of children were anemic. Low levels of mothers' education and low household income were identified as risk factors; severe trichuriasis was also found to be associated (Al-Mekhlafi 1046). If this deficiency is present during the first two years of life, a functional disturbance is highly probable, given that the developing brain experiences structural and biochemical changes; a few weeks after birth, synapses formation takes place and the nervous system starts its shaping, being a critical time with high vulnerability. Moreover, anemia may affects cognitive function at all stages of life. The immune system depends of multiple oxidation processes; another possible outcome in people with anemia is a state of immunodeficiency. Pregnant women with anemia may experience complications and increased mortality rates. Finally, anemia in adults may have economic consequences because it provides low physical and work performances, increasing disability and work incapacities. It is important to define the severity and etiology of anemia, in order to start an adequate therapeutic approach. Clinical symptoms and physical examinations have low sensitivity and specificity. According to WHO, Hb concentration is the most reliable indicator of anemia at the population level, and measuring it is relatively easy and inexpensive. However, the etiology of anemia should be interpreted with caution if the only indicator used is Hb concentration. A complete blood count gives important information that can guide into the possible cause. Other important tests are serum ferritin, serum iron, transferrin, and transferrin saturation. Anemia is not a specialized disease.

20th century arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

20th century arts - Essay Example Both in quantity and quality, Picasso’s art – paintings, sculptures, etchings and ceramics – were revolutionary, introducing innovations and breaking established traditions in art. (Walther 2000, p. 7) For instance, it was he who founded cubism in art. It is for these reasons why Picasso became a tremendous influence in the subsequent generation of artists in various visual media in the modern time. The Beatles is often described as the most astonishing thing to happen in the world’s rock ‘n’ roll. Perhaps this is true with the hysteria this band bank elicited from its fans and with its defining role in the contemporary music industry. Also, their recording innovations and showmanship transformed the music scene into emotionally intense, media event. According to Wiley Lee Umphlett (2006), their influence â€Å"was strong enough to direct music toward a future of varied stylistic interpretations, as seen in the wave of other innovative†¦ groups that appeared, each striving to be more audacious than the others.† (p. 113) Just like The Beatles, succeeding performers would henceforth capitalize on the fruits of recording experimentations and in promotional gimmickry of antifashion or flamboyant dress that transformed the way the audience and the fans embraced music. In the history of world cinema – of what became of it, its far-reaching influence on the masses and society as a whole – it was Marlon Brando’s legacy that is mostly evident. He infused a new vitality to the theater, film and the entertainment industry. Starting from his starring role in the play, A Streetcar Named Desire, Marlon Brando went to represent our period’s portrait of the mass man – in effect changing our attitude and standards towards film, performance and entertainment. As with The Beatles, he epitomized the rebel icon which helped define not just the American but the world’s pop culture. (Marshall and Stilwell, p. 86) No other

Team Policy Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Team Policy Analysis Paper - Essay Example By submitting to the law, it nullifies the chances of the offenders to be served justice by the society, which usually leads to death or suicide, and justice is served (Emanuel, 2007). Deterrence simply implies to imposing heavy penalties on the offender to discourage other members of the society to take part in criminal activities (Scaros, 2004). When the members in the society see the measures taken to curb the social injustices, they will cease to act unlawfully. According to Emanuel (2007), rehabilitation is aimed at transforming a criminal into a morally upright citizen, in the society, by ensuring their code of conduct is impeccable. This will enable the offender to be able to live normally with others. Incapacitation refers to quarantine of the offender (Scaros, 2004). This is usually achieved through sentences passed by the court of law of imprisonment. The offender is to stay away in solitude and reflect on his actions. Finally, restoration refers to the justice of the victim. It aims at making the victims continue with life as it was before a crime was committed against them. When the justice system fails in its criminal prevention activities, intensively monitored parole, probations and electronic monitoring, all these things, people, hence lose faith in them. Scaros (2004) says that the chronology of mankind is driven by a universal force of mob psychology. This means that people will act out simply because they know the judicial system is incapable of adhering to its duties. The law is implemented by the judicial system, and it works to prevent crime, protect the public, support victims of crime and help the offenders to get back on track (Emanuel, 2007). Criminal law entails all these. Laws were made to make us better citizens and for there to be order among us. When all the above have been avoided, and the same efforts to curb criminal activities